2^nd International conference on Flu November 01-02, 2016 San Francisco, California, USA

Track 1: Flu Vaccines: Current and Novel Approach

Flu Vaccine can be defined as a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a flu disease. For improving vaccine immunogenicity adjuvants are used. Vaccine Adjuvants – It can be defined as a component which potentiates the immune system and accelerates the immune responses to an antigen. These components act to induce, prolong, and enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens. Aluminum salts are the only licensed adjuvant in the United States, but the combination of these salts with inactivated influenza A/H5N1 antigens has had little effect on seroresponses. Several oil-in-water adjuvants, including MF59 and AS03, have significantly enhanced immune responses in healthy adult vaccine recipients to inactivated influenza A/H5N1. In the United States, NIAID laboratories are developing novel vaccine candidates for seasonal influenza viruses and for avian strains with pandemic potential. In late 2006, the NIAID Vaccine Research Center initiated the first human trial of an investigational DNA vaccine against the H5N1 avian influenza virus, a strain that has infected and continues to threaten humans. In addition, researchers in the NIAID Laboratory of Infectious Diseases are working with MedImmune to generate candidate live-attenuated vaccines for a broad range of influenza subtypes with pandemic potential. To date, five of these vaccine candidates have advanced to Phase I clinical trials. Many Ebola vaccine candidates had been developed in the decade prior to 2014, but none has yet been approved for clinical use in humans.

Flu vaccine market is estimated at $2.9 billion in 2011 to $3.8 billion by 2018. In USA vaccine market growth is  $1.6 billion in 2011 to $2.2 billion in 2018.

Related Conference on Flu Vaccine

2nd International Conference on Influenza September 12-13 2016, Germany; 3^rd Euro-Global Emerging Infectious Diseases Conferences September 5-6, 2016 Frankfurt, Germany; 3rd Euro-Global Conference on Infectious Diseases September 5-6 2016, Germany; 14th Annual Congress on Influenza Respiratory Diseases & Infections : Vaccines and Therapeutics December 01-02 2016, USA; International Conference on Travel Medicine, Vaccines & Therapeutics  August 1-2 2016, USA; World Congress on Children Vaccines October 10-12 2016, Malaysia; Influenza Vaccines for the World October 6-9 October 2015, Portugal; Modern Vaccines Adjuvants Formulation May 18-20 2016, Denmark; 2016 ISV Annual Congress October 02-04 2016, USA; 10th Vaccine Congress September 04-07, 2016, The Netherland; 2016 Kansas Immunization Conference June 07-09, 2016, USA.

Track 2: Pathology of Influenza Virus Infections

Flu Pathology involves medical science primarily concerning the examination of organs, tissues, and bodily fluids in order to make a diagnosis of flu disease. Influenza viruses can change into two ways antigenic drift and antigenic shift. The pathologic changes described in the 1918 influenza pandemic is not significantly different from the histopathology observed in other less lethal pandemics or even in deaths occurring during seasonal influenza outbreaks. Pathogenesis of influenza involves when influenza virus is introduced into the respiratory tract, by aerosol or by contact with saliva or other respiratory secretions from an infected individual, it attaches to and replicates in epithelial cells. The virus replicates in cells of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Influenza viruses are human respiratory pathogens that cause seasonal, endemic infections and periodic. Influenza viruses are encapsulated, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae. The RNA core consists of 8 gene segments surrounded by a coat of 10 (influenza A) or 11 (influenza B) proteins. Immunologically, the most significant surface proteins include hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). Influenza virus can infect both upper and lower respiratory tract. The pathogenesis of avian influenza is complex and the ability of these viruses to produce disease and death in avian species is dependent on various host, viral and environmental factors.  Influenza H5N1 viruses frequently cause primary viral pneumonia characterized by diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial fibrosis.  In secondary bacterial pneumonia, the patient appears to be recovering from uncomplicated influenza but then develops shaking chills, pleuritic chest pain, and coughs up bloody or purulent sputum.

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8th Global Clinical Pathology Congress September 26-28 2016, Canada; 3^rd Euro-Global Emerging Infectious Diseases Conferences September 5-6, 2016 Frankfurt, Germany; 2nd International Conference on Influenza September 12-13 2016, Germany; International Conference on Internal Medicine October 31-November 02  2016, USA;  2nd International Conference on Cytopathology & Histopathology August 10-12 2016, USA; 2nd World Congress on Infectious Diseases August 24-26 2016, USA; Theory and Practical Molecular Pathology September 17 - 19 2015, Germany; British Association for Cytopathology Meeting October 16 2015, England; Host-Pathogen Interactions Biology of (GRS) June 11-12 2016, USA; Options IX for the Control of Influenza, August 24-26 2016, USA; Annual Influenza Update, September 17 2015, USA. 

Track 3: Flu Symptoms & Treatment

Flu is a respiratory tract infection that spreads through coughs and sneezes. Ebola Disease shares some common symptoms, such as fever, headache, fatigue and aches and pains. But there are big difference is Ebola leads to vomiting and diarrhea within three to six days, severe weakness and stomach pain, as well as unexplained bleeding and bruising. There is lots of difference between flu and flu like illness. Influenza-like illness (ILI), also known as acute respiratory infection and flu-like syndrome/symptoms, is a medical diagnosis of possible influenza or other illness causing a set of common symptoms. First line of defense to treat influenza is vaccine. However, Antiviral drugs are a second line of defense to treat the flu. Antiviral drugs are used early to treat hospitalized patients, people with severe flu illness, and people who are at higher risk for flu complications based on their age or underlying medical conditions. Seasonal influenza vaccination will not prevent infection with avian influenza A viruses, but can reduce the risk of co-infection with human and avian influenza A viruses. CDC currently recommends antiviral drugs oseltamivir, peramivir, or zanamivir for treatment of human infection with avian influenza A viruses. Flu Viral Infection Treatment for Babies involved drugs used generally acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Aspirin is not given to children or adolescents with these symptoms because it increases the risk of Reye syndrome in those who have certain viral infections.

Global influenza market to be worth $6.3 billion in 2014 for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.7%.

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Track 4: Flu Vaccine: Manufactures & Market Analysis

Over the recent years, the Influenza Vaccine market has witnessed double digit growth rate due to fear of an impending pandemic. The Influenza Vaccine market has grown at a CAGR of approximately 65% between 2008 and 2010 due to the havoc caused by H1N1 virus. However, H1N1 vaccine demand will decline due to waning threat of swine flu epidemic. The Influenza Vaccine market is expected to cross USD 4 billion in 2015. Among all the geographical regions, U.S. was the largest Influenza Vaccine market in the year 2010 closely followed by China. Top six players of influenza vaccine manufacturers occupy more than 75% of the total influenza vaccine market. Seasonal influenza vaccine brands like Fluarix & Flulaval were one of the leading players in the market in 2010. Other key players in this market include GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, CSL, MedImmune, Sanofi-Pasteur, Solvay, Sinovac Biotech and Hualun Biologicals. Incase of Pediatric flu vaccine Starting in 2014-2015, CDC recommends use of the nasal spray vaccine (LAIV) for healthy children 2 through 8 years of age, when it is immediately available and if the child has no contraindications or precautions to that vaccine. Recent studies suggest that the nasal spray flu vaccine may work better than the flu shot in younger children. There are three different influenza vaccine production technologies approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): 1) egg-based flu vaccine 2) cell-based flu vaccine, and 3) recombinant flu vaccine. Egg-based vaccine manufacturing is used to make both inactivated (killed) vaccine (usually called the “flu shot”) and live attenuated (weakened) vaccine (usually called the “nasal spray”). Cell-based flu vaccine production does not require large numbers of chicken eggs because the vaccine viruses used to make vaccine are grown in animal cells. This method takes slightly less time to manufacture vaccine than egg-based technology. There is one influenza vaccine produced using recombinant technology approved by the FDA for use in the United States at this time. 

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Track 5: Flu Clinical Studies & Case Reports

Avian influenza viruses circulating in animals pose threats to human health, for example virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 and swine influenza virus subtypes H1N1and H3N2. The primary risk factor for human infection appears to be direct or indirect exposure to infected live or dead animals or contaminated environments. Currently, concern of H5N1 flu transmission from migratory bird populations has increased with foci of fatal human cases. This comes on the heels of other major zoonotic viral epidemics in the last decade. Ebola virus disease caused by  transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The Ebola virus causes an acute, serious illness which is often fatal if untreated. Ebola virus disease (EVD) first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks.  Influenza Disease Management involves Prevention strategy. To prevent seasonal flu, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older, preferably before the onset of influenza activity in the community. Flu Transmission caused mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose.

The market of Flu consists of products to prevent, treat, and diagnose influenza viruses during both seasonal and pandemic episodes. The global influenza market will grow from nearly $3.8 billion in 2012 to $4 billion in 2013. Global influenza market to be worth $6.3 billion in 2014 for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.7%.

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Track 6: Antivirals and Therapeutics

Influenza Virus Infections initially looks like a common cold with a runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. But colds usually develop slowly, whereas the flu tends to come on suddenly. And although a cold can be a nuisance, you usually feel much worse with the flu. Flu treatment and care centers on relieving major symptoms until they go away. Antibiotics are useless in fighting the problem since the flu is caused by a virus. However, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat any secondary bacterial infections that may be present. In addition, some combination of self-care and medication to treat your symptoms will be recommended. Antiviral agents & Drugs are used to inhibit production of viruses that cause disease. Most antiviral agents are only effective while the influenza virus is replicating. It is difficult to find medicines that are selective for the virus as viruses share most of the metabolic processes of the host cell. However, some enzymes are only present in viruses and these are potential targets for antiviral drugs. Antiviral drugs are different from antibiotics, which fight against bacterial infections. Studies show that flu antiviral drugs work best for treatment when they are started within 2 days of getting sick. There are three FDA-approved influenza antiviral drugs recommended by CDC this season to treat influenza. The brand names for these are Tamiflu® (generic name oseltamivir), Relenza® (generic name zanamivir), and Rapivab® (generic name peramivir). Relenza® is not for people with breathing problems like asthma or COPD, for example.  Rapivab® is administered intravenously by a health care provider. Viral vectors and viral vaccines more and more play an important role in current medical approaches. For influenza viral vaccines, manufacturers begin to switch from egg cultivation to mammalian cell culture systems.

In 2014, the global antiviral market was estimated to be worth $27.6 billion and is expected to reach revenues of approximately $36.44 billion by 2019 at a CAGR of 5.71% between 2014 and 2019.

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Track 7: Flu Vaccines and Vaccination: Opportunities and Challenges for All Age Groups

These days’ success and challenges of vaccines on infants, children, pregnant women and elderly patient is major concern for influenza research. Evidence-based guidelines for immunization of infants, children, adolescents, and adults have been prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). These guidelines are prepared for health care professionals who care for either immunocompetent or immunocompromised people of all ages. Flu vaccination by injection is available every year for adults (and some children) at risk of flu and its complications. Many Ebola vaccine candidates had been developed in the decade prior to 2014, but none has yet been approved for clinical use in humans. Vaccine innovation and human health researchers try to determine how well flu vaccines work to regularly assess and confirm the value of flu vaccination as a public health intervention in each season. Study results about how well a flu vaccine works can vary based on study design, outcome(s) measured, population studied and the season in which the flu vaccine was studied. Vaccine Adjuvants – It can be defined as a component which potentiates the immune system and accelerates the immune responses to an antigen. These components act to induce, prolong, and enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens. Market revenue is forecast to increase at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2013 to 2018, totaling nearly $6 billion in 2018.

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Track 8: Flu Virus -Advancements in Detection & Differentiation

Influenza is a viral infection that attacks respiratory system - nose, throat and lungs. Influenza, commonly called the flu, is not the same as stomach "flu" viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting. Influenza Treatment & Therapies are not 100% effective; a flu vaccine is the first and best way to prevent influenza. Antiviral agents and drugs are a second line of defense to treat the flu if you get sick. When used for treatment, antiviral drugs can lessen symptoms and shorten the time you are sick by 1 or 2 days. Virus display show more specificity towards the host virus interaction virus interact with many cellular activities of the host cell to achieve the replication cycle that result host pathogen interaction between each other .Laboratory identification of human influenza virus infections is commonly performed using direct antigen detection, virus isolation in cell culture, or detection of influenza-specific RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In recent years commercial influenza rapid diagnostic tests have become available. These are mostly antigen detection tests, which can produce results within 30 minutes. They can provide results in a clinically relevant time frame to complement the use of antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza. Their wide availability has resulted in their increasing application to clinical situations, which may be inappropriate or where scientific data are lacking.

According to a new technical market research, the global market for products used in the fight against influenza will be worth an estimated $5.5 billion. Market revenue is forecast to increase at a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2013 to 2018, totaling nearly $6 billion in 2018.

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Track 9: Flu: Immunology & Genetics

Influenza Virus Morphology involves roughly spherical, although somewhat pleomorphic, particles, ranging from 80 to 120 nm in diameter presents a model of the overall structure of the influenza virus. A characteristic feature of influenza virus particles is their external layer of approximately 500 spike-like projections. These spikes represent the envelope glycoproteins HA (which has a rod-like shape) and NA (which is mushroom-shaped). The HA spike is a trimer, consisting of three individual HA monomers, while the NA spike is a tetramer. Between 5% and 20% of people in the U.S. get the flu each year. Immune responses to viral infections involve a complex orchestration between innate signals and adaptive responses of specific T and B cells. Advances in T-Cell Therapies and several antiviral compounds have been developed against influenza virus to interfere with specific events in the replication cycle. Among them, the inhibitors of viral uncoating (amantadine), nucleoside inhibitors (ribavirin), viral transcription and neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir and oseltamivir) are reported as examples of traditional virus-based antiviral strategies. Thus, the discovery of novel anti-influenza drugs that target general cell signaling pathways essential for viral replication, irrespective to the specific origin of the virus, would decrease the emergence of drug resistance and increase the effectiveness towards different strains of influenza virus.

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Track 10: Global Market for Flu Related Products

The global market for influenza vaccines, antivirals, and diagnostic products was valued at nearly $3.8 billion in 2012 and is expected to reach $4 billion in 2013. The market to grow to nearly $6 billion by 2018, and register a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2013 to 2018 according to BCC report. Novavax, Inc. USA  is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing recombinant vaccines. The company's technology platform is based on recombinant nanoparticle vaccine technology that includes virus-like particles (VLPs) and protein nanoparticles. Novavax operates in the US where it is headquartered in Rockville, Maryland. It employed 308 people as on February 23, 2015.Novartis AG USA  Novartis (or 'the company') is one of the Big Pharma companies having strong presence in diverse biopharmaceutical segments. It is engaged in the research, development, manufacture and marketing of branded drugs, generic pharmaceutical products, preventive vaccines, diagnostic tools and consumer health products. The company operates in more than 150 countries. It is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, and employed 135,696 people as of December 31, 2013. Diagnostic tests available for influenza include viral culture, serology, rapid antigen testing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence assays, and rapid molecular assays. NanoViricides, Inc.USAis a development stage company that is creating special purpose nanomaterials for antiviral therapy. The Company's novel nanoviricide® class of drug candidates are designed to specifically attack enveloped virus particles and to dismantle them. The Company is developing drugs against a number of viral diseases including H1N1 swine flu, H5N1 bird flu, seasonal Influenza, HIV, oral and genital Herpes, viral diseases of the eye including EKC and herpes keratitis, Hepatitis C, Rabies, Dengue fever, and Ebola virus, among others.

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Track 11: Epidemiology and Public Health of Influenza

Influenza Epidemiology involves highly viral infectious disease which can occur as a pandemic, epidemic, outbreak and in form of sporadic cases. A majority of human infections are caused by either type A or B influenza viruses. Type A has been associated with widespread epidemics and pandemics, while type B has been infrequently implicated in regional epidemics. Influenza type C infections cause only a mild respiratory illness. Pathogenesis of influenza  involves when Influenza virus is introduced into the airways by aerosol or by contact with saliva or other respiratory secretions from an infected individual, it binds to and replicates in epithelial cells of both the upper and lower respiratory tract. Viral replication combined with the immune response to infection lead to destruction and loss of the epithelial cells the respiratory mucosa. Cough and weakness may persist for up to 2 weeks after infection. Influenza enters the host through the airways. Influenza Etiology results from infection by any of three types of flu viruses: types A, B and C. Type A infections are most common and cause the most serious disease. Type B influenza is usually associated with a mild form of the disease and is more common in the pediatric population. Type C is rarely seen.
 

The market is broken down into vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostic products. The vaccines segment has the largest share of the market, worth an estimated $3.2 billion in 2009. This segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% to reach nearly $4.2 billion in 2014. The therapeutics segment has the second-largest share of the market with $2.1 billion in 2009. But that segment is expected to decrease at a CAGR of -2.4%, falling to $1.9 billion in 2014. As many as 500,000 people die of influenza annually and with the threat of a pandemic, government agencies and disease-prevention organizations are devoted to gaining control of the situation.

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Track 12: Laws and Ethical Issues Related to Flu Research

The Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services has responsibility for preventing the introduction, transmission, and spread of communicable diseases in the United States. In IPR studies patent applications covering the virus itself, vaccines, treatment and diagnostics. Clinical studies of influenza involves development of drugs for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of illness caused by influenza viruses A and B, including both seasonal and  pandemic varieties. Sponsors considering development of antiviral drugs for the treatment or prophylaxis of disease with novel influenza strains, or in a pandemic influenza setting, are encouraged to consult this guidance and to communicate with the FDA through the pre-investigational new drug application (pre-IND) consultation program and frequently throughout drug development.

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